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Genotype x Environment Interaction of Cottons Varying in Insect Resistance¹

Insect resistance and glandless traits were introgressed, usually by the backcross method, into agronomically acceptable genetic backgrounds of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. The yield potential and adaptability of nine nectariless-nectaried pairs of cottons were evaluated for 1 to 3 years, 1978 to 1980, at six locations with and without early season insect control. Five of these pairs were in conventional Coker, Deltapine, Stoneville, or DES genetic backgrounds. The others were backcross-derived strains that combined nectaried or nectariless with the frego bract, Okra leaf, Smooth leaf, high gossypol, or glandless traits. Significant strain x location interactions were detected for first harvest (earliness) and total lint yields. Nectariless cottons had significantly higher first harvest yields than nectaried ones in 1978 and 1979. Over 3 years, nectariless cottons averaged 5.7% higher total yields than nectaried cottons, 887 vs. 827 kg/ha, respectively when grown without early season insect control. However, no differences in total yield were detected between the nectaried/nectariless cottons when grown with early season insect control. The environmental index used for the 18 environments studied was determined by the average performance of two nectaried cottons, ‘Stoneville 213’ and ‘Deltapine 61’, and two nectariless ones, ‘Stoneville 825’ and Deltapine 7146N. The average regression coefficient for the nectariless cottons was not different from the nectaried ones (b = 0.81 vs. b = 0.79, respectively) when grown with early season insect control. However, when grown without early season control the average regression coefficient for nectariless was significantly higher than nectaried ones (b = 0.86 vs. b = 0.76, respectively). The average regression coefficient, with and without early season insect control, for the glandless, high gossypol, Okra leaf, and frego bract traits were 0.64, 0.70, 0.76, and 0.43, respectively. This study suggests that the nectariless cottons used had high adaptability potentials, but the other traits investigated did not.

Key Words: Gossypium hirsutum L. • Host-plant resistance • Lint yield • Nectariless • Frego bract • Okra leaf • Smooth leaf • Glandless

² Research agronomist, research geneticist, and research entomologist, respectively, Crop Sci. Res. Lab., Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762.

³ Research geneticist and research entomologist, respectively, Cotton Phys. and Gen. Res., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 225, Stoneville, MS 38776.

Received for publication September 7, 1982.