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Inheritance of Kernel Number Per Spikelet and Its Association with Kernel Weight in Two Winter Wheat Crosses¹

Inheritance of kernel number per spikelet in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) was studied using F₃ families and parental, F₁, backcross F₁, and F₂ populations from the crosses, ‘Benni’ x ‘Sullivan’ (cross 1) and Benni x ‘Sava’ (cross 2). Benni has a larger number of kernels compared to current soft red winter wheat cultivars. The joint scaling test indicated that the additive-dominance model was inadequate for cross 1 and that epistasis could be one of the possible causes. However, the additive-dominance model was adequate for cross 2. Broad-sense heritability estimates were 0.41 and 0.27 for crosses 1 and 2, respectively, suggesting sizable environmental effects. Narrowsense heritability estimates were 0.18 and 0.14 for crosses 1 and 2, respectively, indicating relatively small additive effects. Four and eight effective factors were estimated to control kernel number/spikelet in crosses 1 and 2, respectively. Negative nonsignificant phenotypic association between kernel number/spikelet and 200-kernel weight was observed. The genotypic correlation was not significantly different from zero, and simultaneous improvement of the two traits is not likely to be difficult.

Key Words: Triticum aestivum • Yield • Yield components • Spikelet fertility • Gene action • Heritability • Phenotypic correlation • Genotypic correlation

² Graduate research assistant and professors, respectively, Dep. of Agronomy, Purdue Univ., W. Lafayette, Ind.

Received for publication March 17, 1982.