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Recurrent Selection in Soybeans. IV. Selection for Increased Oleic Acid Percentage in Seed Oil¹

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil is the major edible vegetable oil that has a high endogenous level of linolenic acid. Natural oxidation of linolenic acid produces chemical intermediates which cause poor oil flavor. An expensive hydrogenation process is required to lower the concentration of linolenic acid to an acceptable level. Because of this, a plant breeding project was begun to reduce the percentage of linolenic acid in soybean oil. The selection criterion was high oleic acid percentage which is negatively correlated with linolenic acid percentage. A soybean population was developed by mating six lines with relatively high oleic acid percentage to the genetic male-sterile (ms₁ms₁) maintainer line, N69-2774. Four cycles of recurrent mass selection for increased oleic acid were conducted in the population. In the fourth cycle, mass selection was followed by within half-sib family selection. In each cycle segregation of the male-sterile trait within the population permitted cross matings to occur naturally between selected male-sterile and male-fertile plants by insect pollination. Progress due to selection was evaluated by growing the selected lines from each cycle in replicated tests in six environments. Results of these tests show that oleic acid percentage of the soybean oil increased linearly from 24.8 to 33.0%. The correlated trait, linolenic acid percentage, decreased linearly from 7.8 to 6.3%. In addition, the linoleic acid level declined from 53.3 to 47.0%. Changes in stearic acid percentage were not correlated with cycles of selection. Realized heritability (h²) for oleic acid percentage was 0.21 ± 0.06. There was a significant interaction between environments and cycle populations. The effect of that interaction, however, was expressed as differences in the magnitude of oleic acid percentages in the different environments rather than differences in ranking. Hence, selection for oleic acid percentage in soybean oil may not be compromised severely by environmental interaction.

Key Words: Linolenic acid • Linoleic acid • Male-sterile • Glycine max L. Merr. • Oil • Environmental interaction • Heritability

² Research agronomist, USDA-ARS and associate professor of crop science; plantphysiologist, USDA-ARS and associate professor of crop science, NCSU, Raleigh, NC 27650; and manager of soybean research, Funk Seeds Int., Bloomington, IL 61701.

Received for publication November 1, 1982.

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