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Nitrogen Fertilization Effects and Anatomical, Protein, and Amino Acid Characteristics of Yellow Berry in Triticale¹

We studied the effect of N fertilization on yellow berry (YB) triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) and the anatomical, protein, and amino acid differences between YB and normal kernels of several triticale lines. Some bread (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum (T. durum L.) wheats were also included for comparison. Increased fertilization significantly reduced YB incidence. Tritlcale lines differed significantly in YB incidence, implicating genetic factors in YB expression. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that normal kernels have a more dense endosperm protein matrix than do YB types. Endosperm and aleurone cells generally fractured around the starch granules and cytoplasm, respectively, in YB kernels. The total protein content of YB kernels was generally 1 to 1.5% lower than in normal kernels. The YB kernels contained significantly more lysine as percentage of protein, but less aspartic acid and glutamic acid than normal kernels

Key Words: X Triticosecale • Scanning electron microscopy • Cereals • Durum wheat • Bread wheat

² Professor and graduate research assistant, Dep. of Natural Resource and Environmental Studies, Alabama A&M Univ., Normal, AL 35762; and research chemist, Cereal Science and Foods Laboratory, Northern Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, Peoria, IL 61604, respectively.

Received for publication August 14, 1981.