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Effect of Environmental and Management Factors on the Accumulation of N-acetyl and N-formyl Loline Alkaloids in Tall Fescue¹

The alkaloid fraction in tall rescue is associated with poor animal performance during summer grazing. In an effort to relate alkaloid response to field situations, the effects of water stress, temperature, N application, and harvest interval on accumulation of N-acetyl and N-formyl loline in G1-307, a Lolium-Festuca hybrid derivative (2n = 42) experimental strain of tall rescue, were studied in greenhouse and controlled environment chamber experiments. The N-acetyl loline increased five-times above control levels by the ninth week of severe water stress. The N-formyl loline increased two-times above control levels by the 12th week. Protein loss, decreased dry weight, and low plant water potentials were among possible causes for increased alkaloid concentrations. The N-acetyl loline increased five-fold and Nformyl loline increased three-fold from initial levels by the 10th week of 21/15 C temperature regime. The high (32/27 C) and low (16/10, 10/7 C) temperature regimes depressed alkaloid accumulation. Accumulation of N-acetyl and N-formyl lolines was not positively associated with N application. The largest N application tended to result in the least accumulation of alkaloids. Forage regrowth obtained after harvesting 6 to 8 weeks accumulated forage contained significantly higher concentrations of N-acetyl and N-formyl loline.

Key Words: Water stress • Leaf water potential • Relative water content • Temperature • N application • Harvest interval

² Assistant professor, Dep. of Agronomy, Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge (formerly research assistant) and professor, Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington 40546-0091.

Received for publication December 21, 1981.

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