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Nodule-Like Structres Induced on Peanut by Chlorosis Producing Strains of Rhizobium Classified as R. Japonicum¹

Some strains of rhizobia produce a rhizobitoxine-induced foliar chlorosis on soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., and have a limited ability to nodulate the nodulation restrictive genotype (rj₁). This study was undertaken to determine and compare the effect of chlorosisinducing or rj₁-compatible strains and nonchlorosis-inducing strains on another legume, peanut (Arachis hypogaea L., cultivars ‘Starr’ and ‘Spancross’), in Leonard jar culture. Ten different rhizobial strains that induce chlorosis or nodulate rj₁-plants, produced swellings at the nodulation sites on peanut roots. No rhizobial-induced chlorosis symptoms developed on either peanut cultivar. Control peanut plants inoculated with six different nonchlorosis-inducing strains of Rhizobium japonicum (Kirchner) Buchanan did not have swellings. The clustering of three distinctive characteristics, a) ability to nodule rj₁ plants, b) the propensity to produce rhizobitoxine-induced chlorosis symptoms on soybean, and c) the ability to induce nodule-like swellings on peanut roots, in a common population of rhizobia suggests that these rhizobia may represent a taxonomically distinct group. These strains appear defective in their symbioses with both soybean and peanut, suggesting that they may have a symbiotic homology for a legume host other than either soybean or peanut.

Key Words: Soybean • Glycine max (L.) Merr. • Nitrogen fixation • Symbiosis • Bacterial-induced chlorosis • Microsymbiont • Rhizobiotoxine • rj₁ gene • Bacterial ecology • Rhizobium taxonomy

² Research geneticist, microbiologist, and plant physiologist (support scienctist), Cell Culture and N₂ Fixation Lab., Beltsville Agric. Res. Ctr., West, Beltsville, MD 20705.

Received for publication July 15, 1982.