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Cultivar x Herbicide Interaction in Sugarbeet¹

Eight commercial sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) cultivars consisting of both diploid 2N = 2X = 18 and triploid 2N = 3X = 27 hybrids were studied for 2 years for their response to three herbicide regimes. The specific registered sugarbeet herbicides consisted of preplanting applications of 1) cycloate (S-ethyl-N-ethylthiocyclohexanecarbamate) (3.4 kg/ha), 2) ethofumesate [(± >2-ethoxy-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl- 5-benzofuranyl methanesulfonate] (2.2 kg/ha), and 3) a mixture of ethofumesate (2.2 kg/ha) + diclofop |2-{4-{2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenoxy] propanoic acidsj (1.7 kg/ha), each followed by a post-emergence mixture of desmedipham [ethyl m-hydroxycarbanilate carbanilate (ester)] and phenmedipham (methyl m-hydroxycarbanilate m-methylcarbanilate) both applied at 0.6 kg/ha. A fourth treatment regime was that of no herbicide application. The six characters examined were 45-day plant dry weight, harvest root weight, foliar suppression, stand count, sucrose, and purity. Differential herbicide and cultivar response was evidenced by significant year x herbicide, year x cultivar, and herbicide x cultivar interactions for several of the six characters analyzed. Although a significant second order interaction was detected for foliar suppression, none of the yield components (root weight, sucrose, purity) exhibited significant second order interactions. Certain cultivars were suppressed significantly less than others at 45 days and recovered the most by harvest time. Under favorable soil moisture and temperature conditions, the eight commercial cultivars showed reductions in total 45-day plant weight of 39 to 55% of their nontreated equivalent controls. In both years, early season suppression was mostly, but not entirely, overcome by harvest. Reductions averaged about 5%.

Key Words: Genotype x environment interaction • Herbicide tolerance • Resistance breeding • Cycloate • Ethofumesate • Phenmedipham • Desmedipham

² Research geneticist and research plant physiologist, USDA, Crops, Res. Lab., Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO 80523.

Received for publication October 20, 1982.