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Use of Callus Cultures to Screen Tall Fescue Seed Samples for Acremonium Coenophialum¹

Calli derived from embryos were used to detect the presence of the endophyte Acremonium coenophialum Morgan-Jones and W. Gams in tall rescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) seed. Mature embryos from several seed samples, including from field established plants previously regenerated from tissue cultures, were plated on a modified Schenk and Hildebrandt medium containing 4.4 mg/liter of 3,6- dichloro-o-anisic acid. (dicamba). Resulting calli were scored for presence or absence of the fungus after 28 days of culture in the dark at 25 C. None of the more than 2300 embryos of 56 individual plants regenerated from tissue cultures exhibited the fungus. Other fungus-free seed included two samples of ‘Kenhy’ and three samples of ‘Kentucky 31’ (Ky 31). Infected seed were found in four samples of Ky 31. Seed harvested from plants grown from infected seed were infected while seed harvested from plants grown from fungus-free seed were not. The slow growth of the endophyte under our culture conditions make its identification highly reliable and hundreds of seeds from several samples may be screened with ease.

Key Words: Festuca arundinacea Schreb. • Fescue-fungus • Dicamba • Epichloe typhina

² Professor and senior research assistant, respectively.

Received for publication May 3, 1982.