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Recovery of Heritable Variability in Anther-Derived Doubled-Haploid Rice¹

The anther culture technique for the derivation of dihaplolds in rice, Oryza sativa L., has not been applied extensively to commercial cultivars in the United States. The objective of this study was to identify suitable genotypes among U.S. cultivars for the recovery of useful variability from doubled haploid plants regenerated from anther-derived calli. Six rice cultivars were evaluated for their ability to produce haploids by anther culture. The cultivar ‘Calrose 76’ produced, on the average, anther-derived calli in more than 2% of the anthers excised. Some haploids recovered from Calrose 76 were shorter than the original cultivar. Second-generation, colchicine-doubled and spontaneously doubled dihaploids produced progeny significantly shorter than the original cultivar. The enhanced dwarfness was transmitted to offspring by selfing. Third-generation plants derived from doubled haploids were 15 to 30% shorter than Calrose 76. Seed and leaf size and seed weight were significantly lower in the third-generation progeny than in the controls. The work shows that both useful and deleterious variability can be recovered from Calrose 76 anthers, and the technique should be useful to rice breeders for the development of short stature cultivars and other unique characteristics.

Key Words: Oryza sativa L. • Androgenesis • Anther culture • Dwarf • Tissue culture • in vitro • Homozygous • Amplification

² Plant physiologist and chief, Cell Culture and Nitrogen Fixation Laboratory, Plant Physiology Institute, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.

Received for publication October 5, 1981.