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Cultivar x Environment Interactions in Sugarbeet Yield Trials¹

Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) yield and quality data from 5 locations and 4 years were used to determine the presence and magnitude of cultivar x environment interactions in a major sugarbeet producing area, the Red River Valley of North Dakota and Minnesota. The cultivar x location interaction for root yield indicated that cultivars tended to rank consistently different in the 4 years of testing at individual locations. Cultivar x location, cultivar x year, and cultivar x location x year variance components for sucrose, sodium, and potassium concentration were relatively small, compared to the cultivar variance component, indicating consistency in the relative expression of these characters. Years had a greater effect than locations on relative concentration of sucrose, sodium, potassium, and amino-nitrogen, whereas cultivar x year and cultivar x location interactions were more nearly equal for yield. Second order interactions were significant for all traits except potassium concentration.

Regression of cultivar mean yield on environmental mean yield and the contribution of individual cultivars to the cultivar x environment variance component indicated that cultivars differed in their genetic potential to respond to a favorable environment. Regression coefficients for individual cultivars ranged from 0.85 for ‘ACH-14 ’ to 1.11 for ‘Beta 1443 ’, with cultivar yields being 45.3 and 53.5 metric tons/ha, respectively. Three years of testing at five locations appeared to be adequate for characterizing cultivars for yield, sucrose concentration, and recoverable sucrose/ha.

Key Words: Regional performance nurseries • Adaptation • Beta vulgaris L. • Sucrose • Yield • Quality

² Research geneticist, USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND 58105 and plant breeder, American Crystal Sugar Co., Moorhead, MN 56560.

Received for publication June 15, 1981.