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Dry Matter Accumulation in Soft Red Winter Wheat Seeds¹

Crop physiologists have been interested in the effects of grain growth characteristics on yield. The rate and duration of grain fill are components that contribute to this yield in soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.). For this reason we have compared the rate and duration of seed dry matter accumulation during grain fill, the time of reddening of the seed, and yield of different types of soft red winter wheats.

Four cultivars and five derived lines were grown at Lafayette, Ind. in 1978-1979 and 1979-1980. The rate of dry matter accumulation was determined from the slope of the regression line through the dry weights of the seeds from 10 to 26 days after anthesis. The duration of dry matter accumulation was determined from the intersection of the regression line just mentioned and that determined from the seed dry weights of the last five sampling dates. The intensity of pigmentation was subjectively measured as the percent of color in the seed coat compared to that of a mature seed.

The Arthur types (Arthur, Beau and Oasis) and the Arthur by Knox selections (6413, 71586 and 72483) had greater rates of dry matter accumulation on the average than the Knox types (Monon, 65256 and 65309) in both years (1.70 vs. 1.53 mg/seed/day). Significant differences are discussed. The duration of accumulation of dry matter was similar in the different types although the Knox and Arthur by Knox types may have been slightly longer. The red coloring of the seed before the development of darkening of the pigment strand was approximately coincident with maximum dry matter accumulation in the seed. High yield reported as weight per unit land area was achieved in Knox types with many small seeds while in Arthur or Arthur by Knox types with a fewer number of large seeds.

Key Words: Triticum aestivum • Grain fill • Rate of grain fill • Duration of grain fill

² Assistant professor, associate professor, associate professor and lynn distinguished professor, Dep. of Agronomy, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907.

Received for publication January 19, 1981.

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