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Differential Response of Sugarbeet Populations to Herbicides¹

Fifteen sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) populations consisting of five inbred lines, five F₁ hybrids, and five commercial cultivars were evaluated 2 years for their response to certain herbicide regimes. The populations were assessed primarily by determining the nature and magnitude of first and second order interactions. The treatment regimes consisted of cycloate (3.4 kg/ha) or ethofumesate (2.2 kg/ha) applied preplant followed by a postemergence mixture of desmedipham and phenmedipham each applied at 0.6 kg/ha. A third treatment regime was that of no herbicide application. The 10 characters examined were: root weight, sucrose, purity, sodium, potassium, nitrate, betaine, amino N, chloride, and foliar suppression. Genetic control of the response to herbicide application was exemplified by significantly different population reactions for the majority of the 10 characters studied.

When the entire array of 15 populations was analyzed, a significant year x population interaction was detected for eight characters. Further, significant first order interactions were those of year x herbicide for root weight and herbicide x population for foliar suppression. No significant second order interactions were found.

Several chemical components of juice, foliar suppression, and root weight showed significant first order interactions, but only in the group of five commercial cultilvars.

In general, root weight, sucrose, and purity were slightly reduced, whereas chloride, nitrate, and betaine were increased following herbicide application. The most prominent effect of herbicide treatment was suppression of foliar growth. Both pre- and postemergence treatments suppressed the population groups in the order: inbreds > F₁ hybrids > commercial cultivars.

Key Words: Genotype x environment interaction • Resistance breeding • Herbicide tolerance • Cycloate • Ethofumesate • Phenmedipham • Desmedipham

² Research geneticist and research plant physiologists, USDA, Crops Research Lab., Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO 80523.

Received for publication April 13, 1981.