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Variability in Primitive and Wild Wheats for Useful Genetic Characters¹

Ninety-three accessions of primitive domesticated diploid wheat (Triticum monococcum L.), five each of two wild tetraploid wheats (T. turgidum L. var. dicoccoides Körn and T. timopheevii Zhuk. var. araraticum Jakubz.), one cultivated durum wheat (T. turgidum L. var. durum Desf. ‘Modoc’) and one cultivated bread wheat (T. aestivum L. var. aestivum ‘Anza’) were compared for plant height, seed weight, flour protein content, flour lysine content, lysine content in protein, spike weight, days to head, and days to flower under irrigated and dryland conditions in 1977. Superior lines were retested in 1979. Variation among lines for each trait in different species was significant except plant height in dicoccoides and araraticum. Over all species, plant height and seed weight were significantly higher, and protein and lysine contents were significantly lower in irrigated than in dryland conditions, although differences within dicoccoides for seed weight and protein and lysine contents were nonsignificant. Two accessions of monococcum were short and headed and flowered as early as Modoc and Anza. Primitive and wild wheats were higher in protein content and lysine content but lower in spike weight and seed weight than the two modern cultivars. Wild tetraploids were higher in flour protein content and in flour lysine content but lower in lysine content in protein than monococcum. Accessions of dicoccoides and araraticum having 30.9 and 30.5% protein, respectively, were identified. Correlations between traits were influenced by species and by moisture conditions. Best lines of monococcum, dicoccoides, and araraticum were identified as sources of genes for different traits.

Key Words: Triticum monococcum L. • Triticum turgidum L. var. dococcoides Körn • Triticum timopheevii Zhuk. var. araraticum Jakubz. • Protein • Lysine • Amino acid • Wheat • Irrigation

² Former graduate research assistant (Present address: Dep. Plant Pathology, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS 66506), associate geneticist, and former assistant geneticist (Present address: Dep. Agronomy and Range Science, Univ. of California, Davis, CA 95616), respectively, Dep. of Botany and Plant Sciences, Univ. of California, Riverside, CA 92521.

Received for publication February 6, 1980.