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Twenty lines with high and low seed-oil percentages were selected from 747 lines in the Upland cotton, Gossypium hisutum L., germplasm collection. These lines were used to transfer a range of seed-oil percentage into agronomic backgrounds and to study its inheritance. The seed-oil lines were crossed as females to five agronomic lines that included glanded and glandless types and fullseason and early-maturing types. The characteristics determined were: (1) seed-oil percentage, (2) seed index, (3) embryo percentage, (4) embryo-oil percentage, (5) seed-oil index, and (6) embryo index. Parental and F3 seeds (from F2 plants) were analyzed. Variability was significant for all characters. Differences among the maternal and paternal F33 arrays were highly significant. The maternal x paternal interaction effects for seed-oil index and embryo percentage were small but significant. Heritability estimates based on Fa genetic variability ranged from 42 to 66% for the characters measured. The heritability estimate for seed-oil percentage was 35% when calculated by the standard-unit regression (F33 on F22) method. These results established that seed oil is heritable and can be transferred readily. Variability for seedoil percentage of the seed-oil parents exceeded that of the agronomic parents only slightly. Seed-oil percentage was not as highly correlated with seed physical properties in the seed-oil parents as it was in the agronomic parents. This result suggests that the seed-oil parents offer unique germplasm for the modification of seed oil content.
Key Words: Gossypium hirsutum L. • Seed size • Embryo size • Germplasm • Seed quality
2 Research geneticist, AR-SEA-USDA, College Station, TX 77840.
Received for publication May 19, 1980.
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