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Comparisons Among Populations of Maize for Growth at 13°C

Six populations of maize (Zea mays L.), from high altitude sources in Mexico, Peru, and a high latitude source in Germany, and their crosses as males to two United States Corn Belt dent inbred lines (‘A619’ and ‘WI53R’) were compared for growth and survival at 13 C in a controlled environment with three U.S. Corn Belt dent hybrids (‘A632’ x ‘A659,’ A619 x A632, and WI53R x A632).

The objective of this study was to determine if any of these populations had the ability to grow autotrophically at 13 C, a temperature which was expected to be below the minimum for autotrophic growth of U.S. Corn Belt dent cultivars.

At 13 C all plants grew heterotrophically utilizing seed reserves. However, major differences in the ability to grow autotrophicaly at 13 C existed among the genotypes studied. All genotypes containing germplasm from the high altitude Peruvian races ‘San Geronimo,’ ‘Huancavelicano,’ and ‘Confite Puneno’ were capable of autotrophic growth at l3 C as were genotypes from the CIMMYT (Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo) Pool 5. ‘Criollo die Toluca,’ predominantly of the high altitude Mexican race Conico, and ‘Bergenlaender,’ of the high latitude Norllhern Flint race, per se, were unable to grow at 13 C. However, their crosses with W153R and the cross A619 x Criollo de Toluca were able to grow autotrophically at this temperature. Differences in growth rates existed between A619 and WI53R in crosses. Overall, crosses with W153R had the highest growth rates and crosses with A619 the lowest. The three U.S. Corn Belt dent hybrids did not grow autotrophically at 13 C.

Key Words: Corn • Genetic variability • Low temperature stress • Seedling growth rates

Received for publication August 21, 1979.