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Long-term Progress Made by Cotton Breeders in Developing Fusarium Wilt Resistant Germplasm¹

Breeding for resistance in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L, to fusarium wilt, Fusarium oxysporum Schlect. f. vasinfectum (Ark.) Synd. & Hans., began shortly after the causal agent was described in 1892 and continues. Many cultivars and advanced breeding stocks having resistance are deficient in agronomic and fiber characteristics or properties present in less resistant stocks, Breeding stocks and cultivars submitted annually hy 11 cooperators from 1969 to 1978 were evaluated for wilt resistance by growing them on a soil highly infested with both the wilt organism and root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita acrita (Chitwood & Oteifa). The relative mean wilting percentages of all entries evaluated during the last 3 years of this test were significantly less than wilting percentages of those evaluated at the beginning of the test period. These results indicate that progress has been made in breeding for fusarium wilt resistance. The rate of progress in combining acceptable agronomic properties and fusarium wilt resistance into commercial cultivars also increased in the last 3 years of the test.

Key Words: Host-plant resistance • Gossyplum hirsutum L. • Fusarium oxysporum Schlect. f. vasinfectum (Atk.) Synd. & Hans. • Root-knot nematodes • Meloidogyne incognita acrita (Chitwood & Oteifa)

² Research pathologist, AR, SEA, USDA, Auburn, AL 36830.

Received for publication December 21, 1979.

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