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Aflatoxin Concentration in Corn as Influenced by Kernel Development Stage and Postinoculation Temperature in Controlled Environments¹

Developing kernels of two cultivars of corn (Tea mays L.), ‘Gaspe Flint’ (Gaspe) and ‘W103 x Gaspe,’ were inoculated with Aspergillus flavus Link ex Fr. at three kernel-development stages (early-dough, medium-dough, and late hard-dough) and grown in four post inoculation temperature regimes of 9.5, 12.5, 14.5, and 17.5 C thermal units/day (mean daily temperature minus 10 C) in controlled environments. Kernels were assayed for aflatoxin B₁ after plants were grown for about 365 cumulative thermal units after inoculation. The highest toxin levels (48,641 and 31,046 ppb for Gaspe and W103 x Gaspe, respectively) were observed hi kernels inoculated at the latest kernel-development stage (late hard-dough) and grown at the highest postinoculation temperature regime (17.5 C thermal units/day, i.e., day/night temperatures and times of 30/26 C and 9/15 hours, respectively). Toxin levels were low hi kernels inoculated at earlier development stages and grown at lower temperatures. Longer postinoculation growth at lower temperatures did not raise aflatoxin concentrations to levels observed with shorter postinoculation growth at higher temperatures

Key Words: Zea mays • Aspergillus flavus • Mycotoxin • Phytotron • Thermal units

² Research agronomist, AR-SEA-USDA, Raleigh, NC 27650; research microbiologist, SRRC, AR-SEA-USDA, New Orleans, LA 70179; plant pathologist, AR-SEA-USDA, Raleigh, NC 27650; biometrician, NRCC, AR-SEA-USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, and professor, Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, respectively.

Received for publication September 17, 1979.

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