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Genetic Variability and Association of Maturity, Yield, and Quality Characteristics of Female Hops¹

Twenty-nine female hop, Humulus lupulus L., cultlvars were evaluated for genetic variability and associations among traits affecting maturity, yield, and quality. The following traits were measured: vigor, yield, lateral branch length, node and cone number per lateral, cones per vine, cone weight, flowering and harvest date, alpha and beta-acid content, alpha:beta ratio, and lupulin content of the cones.

Highly significant differences among cultivars were found for all characters measured. The genetic coefficients of variation, broad sense heritability, and expected gains from selection indicated considerable genetic potential for improvement.

All agronomic characteristics except cone weight were positively correlated with yield. All phenotypic correlations of harvest date, lateral length, nodes per lateral, cones per vine, and cone yield were significantly positive.

Except for vigor, phenotypic correlations between agronomic characters, and alpha and beta-acid content were either significantly positive or not diflerent from zero. Selection could be practiced on either group of characters without adversely affecting the other.

Path coefficient analysis of phenotypic correlation coefficients showed that lateral branch length and cones per vine have a more direct as well as an indirect effect on yield than vigor, flowering date, harvest date, nodes, per lateral, or cone weight. Early maturing, and high yielding hop cultivars are best obtained by selecting for increased lateral length and/or number of cones per vine.

Key Words: Heritability • Expected gain • Phenotypic correlation • Environmental correlation • Genotypic correlation • Path coefficients • Yield components • Alpha-acid • Beta-acid

² Research geneticist (formerly research assistant), USDA-SEA-AR; professor; and research geneticist, USDA-SEA-AR, Crop Science Dep., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR 97331, respectively.

Received for publication July 30, 1979.

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