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Variability in Flower-Bud Gossypol Content and Agronomic and Fiber Properties within the Primitive Race Collection of Cotton¹

Forty-one accessions from the "race" (Texas race stock) collection of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., were grown in Tuxpan, Veracruz, Mexico and analyzed for flowerbud gossypol content and agronomic and fiber properties. The selected accessions are from diverse points of origin and represented four distinct growth types ("races"). Flower buds were harvested seven times from November 1974 to March 1975 and seedcotton was harvested in April 1975. Terpenoid aldehyde percentages (including gossypol) from flower buds harvested on the fourth date were significantly higher than from those harvested at other dates. The highest mean terpenoid aldehyde percentages were shown by Texas 766 (T-766; 1.33%), T-197 (1.29%), T-663 (1.27%), T-805 (1.23%), T-1150 (1.20%), and T-216 (1.15%). Nineteen accessions produced significantly higher percentages ( 0.88%) than the check, Stoneville 213 (0.74%), and 12 accessions showed levels above 1.0%. Seven accessions showed significantly lower levels ( 0.60%) than the check. Correlation coefficients between terpenoid aldehyde percentages and both boll size and seed index were negative and significant, but correlations between terpenoid aldehyde percentages and seed/locule, lint index, lint percentage, and micronaire were not significant. However, two of the six accessions (T-197 and T-216) that produced the greatest terpenoid aldehyde contents from flower buds had significantly larger bolls, more seed/locule, and higher seed index than the others. These two accessions and T-805 had a higher lint index, and T-216 and T-805 had a significantly higher lint percentage than the other high terpenoid entries in the test. Thus, we selected good combinations of terpenoid aldehyde percentages and agronomic and fiber properties in spite of certain negative correlations.

Key Words: Insect reistance • Breeding stocks • Terpenoids • Polyphenolics • Gossypium hirsutum L.

² Research geneticist and research chemist, respectively, SEA, USDA, Brownsville, TX 78520. Present address of T. N. Shaver is Cotton Insects Research Laboratory, SEA, USDA, College Station, TX 77840.

Received for publication June 8, 1979.