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Published in Crop Sci 20:29-34 (1980)
© 1980 Crop Science Society of America
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Interspecific Hybrids Between Helianthus maximiliani Schrad. and H. annuus L.: Effect of Backcrossing on Meiosis, Anther Morphology, and Seed Characteristics1

Ernest D. P. Whelan and D. G. Dorrell2

Substitutions of the nucleus of Helianthus annuus L. (2n = 34; x = 17) into the cytoplasm of the perennial H. maximiliani Schrad. (2n = 84) were obtained by hybridizing H. maximiliani with wild H. annuus, and then backcrossing, using cultivated H. annuus ‘Saturn’ as the recurrent pollen parent. A paracentric inversion, evident in the F1,-was eliminated by one cross with ‘Saturn’, and multivalents were rare after the first backcross. Pollen fertility improved with backcrossing. Trisomic plants occurred in all three progenies investigated, but with differing frequencies. Oil content and 1,000-seed weight increased with backcrossing. Seed weight of trisomic plants was significantly greater than that of diploid sibs; oil content also tended to be higher. Backcrossing also affected anther morphology. Some plants had highly modified and almost vestigial anthers, which contained little or no pollen, but all trisomic plants had normal anthers. If selection for male-sterility, probably cytoplasmic, is desired, trisomics should be avoided when backcrossing.

Key Words: Sunflower • Meiosis • Trisomics • Seed weight • Oil content • Cytoplasmic male-sterility

1 Contribution from the Research Station, Agriculture Canada, Morden, Manitoba, Canada R0G 1J0, where the authors are research scientist and head of Crop Science Section, respectively.

2 Present address: cytogeneticist, Plant Science Section, Agriculture Canada Research Station, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4BI.

Received for publication June 22, 1979.




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