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Evaluation of Vigor in Soybean Seeds: Influences of Date of Planting and Soil Type on Emergence, Stand, and Yield^1,2,

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed lots were evaluated for emergence, stand, and yield. Seven cultivars were analyzed in 1975 and eight in 1976. The seeds were planted 3.8 cm deep at a rate of 6 seeds/0.3 m of row in sandy and heavy type soils. Three planting dates — early, pre-optimum, and optimum — and four replicates were used for the evaluations. Emergence counts (V₂ to V₃ growth stage) and stand counts (R6 growth stage) were recorded for the planting dates and sites. Yield was determined on 4.9 m of row for seeds planted on the optimum planting date in the heavy type soil.

Each year, seedling emergence and stand were better on a sandy type soil than on the heavy soil and were best for the optimum date of planting. Simple correlation coefficients of emergence and stand counts for both years were high and significant. However, analysis of variance showed seed lots did not perform similarity across sites and planting dates in 1975. A 10 to 15 percentage point difference in emergence was necessary for a significant difference between seed lots, depending on site and planting date. In 1975 and 1976 the correlations between stand and yield were low, rr= 0.361 and 0.311, respectively, but those between stand and yield/plant were high and negative, r = –0.862 and –0.830, respectively. Stand and yield for the cultivar ‘Wayne’ were significantly correlated each year.

Key Words: Seed lots • Cultivar • Germination • Glycine max (L.) Merr. • Seed quality

² Dedicated to the memory of Mr. Robert Collier (deceased) whose promising career in agriculture will not be fulfilled.

³ Plant physiologist and plant pathologist, Seed Res. Lab., USDA-SEA, AR, Beltsville, MD 20705; and consultant, U. N. Narcotics Lab., Geneva, Switzerland, respectively.

Received for publication April 27, 1978.

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