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Effect of BASF 13-338, a Substituted Pyridazinone, on Linolenic Acid Levels and Winterhardiness of Cereals¹

The substituted pyridazinone BASF 13-338 [4-chloro-5(dimethylamino)-2-phenyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone] was tested in the field to evaluate its effect on linolenic acid levels and winter-hardiness of small grains. Wheat (Triticum estivum L. em Thell), barley (Hordeum vulgate I.,) and rye (Secale cereale L.) were sown in the fall in soil incorporated BASF 13-338 at rates of 0, 2.8, 5.6, and 11.2 kg/ha. All concentrations of the compound reduced the linolenic acid content of polar lipids in the shoots of each of the test species. Treated plants showed early low temperature injury symptoms as evidenced by frost-banding. Counts taken in the spring Indicated that BASF 13-338 treatments reduced survival. Treated plants that did survive had fewer fibers than untreated plants. Plants grown in the greenhouse and treated with 11.2 kg/ha of BASI? 13.338 survived treatment with the chemical but were killed if subjected to –5 C. The collective data strongly support the hypothesis that accumulation of linolenic acid is an initial step in plant adaptation to low temperature although other factors may limit hardening and distinguish levels of hardiness among cultivars and species.

Key Words: Membrane fatty acids • Unsaturation • Cold hardening • Wheat • Barley • Rye • Triticum aestivum • Hordeum vulgare • Secale cereale

² Plant physiologists, USDA, SEA, AR, Beltsville, MD 20705.

Received for publication July 14, 1978.