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Estimation of Outcrossing Rates: Some Alternative Procedures¹

Several alternative methods of estimating natural outcrossing rates are reviewed in order to emphasize their genetic and statistical features. The methods range from the standard procedure of counting outcrosses in the progeny of recessive genotypes grown mixed with the dominants to the estimation of genetic structure of natural populations and measures of inbreeding depression. Examples are cited from our recent work in wild oats (Avena fatua L. and A. barbata Pott ex Link), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba Hartw.), and from several recent publications in crop science literature. Formulae giving correct estimators for the various methods are included as a handy reference. Use of the variety of procedures frequently available within the context of ongoing plant breeding research will enrich the interface between population genetics and plant breeding.

Key Words: Mixed selfing and random mating • Genetic population structure • Genetic markers • Allozyme assays

² Professor, Dep. of Agronomy and Range Science, Univ. of California, Davis, CA 95616.

Received for publication September 1, 1977.