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Performance of Anther-Derived Dihaploids and Their Conventionally Inbred Parents as Lines, in F₁ Hybrids, and in F₂ Generations¹

Dihaploid lines of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) were developed from anther cultures of two long-term, conventionally inbred cultivars. Ten dihaploids from ‘Coker 139’ and 10 dihaploids from ‘NC 95’ were selfed and randomly crossed to produce 10 dihaploid F₁'s. Each F₁ was selfed to produce a dihaploid F₂. The conventional cultivars were crossed to produce a conventional F₁, which was selfed to produce an F₂. All genetic materials were evaluated for agronomic performance and chemical composition.

Dihaploid lines grew more slowly, yielded approximately 15% less, and were agronomically inferior to their conventional pure-line parents. Dihaploid F₁'s and F₂'s yielded less than the conventional F₁ and F₂. Enforced complete homozygosity in tobacco may not be entirely responsible for the reduction in yield of dihaploid lines developed by anther culture methods. The dihaploid technique as presently employed may be mutagenic.

Reduced yields of dihaploid lines produced by the anther culture technique and the inferiority of crosses of dihaploid lines compared to conventional entries, suggest that this technique may not be suitable for a tobacco breeding program, where increased yield is of primary interest.

Key Words: Anther culture • Haploids • Dihaploids • Tobacco • Nicotiana tabacum L. • Heterosis • Inbreeding depression

² Graduate student, professor of the crop science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, N. C., and research geneticist ARS, USDA, Oxford Tobacco Res. Stn., Oxford, N. C.

Received for publication May 16, 1977.