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Inheritance of Protein and Lysine in Three Wheat Crosses¹

Inheritance of grain protein and lysine in three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crosses was investigated. Three high-protein wheat cultivars, ‘April Bearded’, ‘Atlas 66’ and ‘Nap Hal’ were crossed in diallel fashion without reciprocals. Spaced plants of the parental, F₁, F₂, and backcross generations for each cross were grown at Yuma, Arizona, and Fort Collins, Colorado, in 1973. Grain protein was significantly higher for Nap Hal than for April Bearded and Atlas 66 at Yuma. Grain proteins of April Bearded and Atlas 66 were not significantly different at Yuma. At Fort Collins the grain protein of Atlas 66 significantly exceeded that of April Bearded and Nap Hal. No differences were measured for grain protein between April Bearded and Nap Hal at Fort Collins. Additive genetic effects for protein were detected although protein means of F₁ hybrids were always below midparent values and near or below the low-protein parent. F₂ means approached the midparent values for protein. Backcross performances indicated April Bearded and Nap Hal may have protein genes in common. Nap Hal and April Bearded produced significantly more lysine (percent of protein) than Atlas 66 at both locations. At Yuma, lysine was significantly higher for Nap Hal than for April Bearded. The F₁ and F₂ means for lysine (percent of protein) approached midparent values, indicating possible additive genetic effects. Environmental variances estimated by plant-to-plant variances of nonsegregating populations were often larger than were among-plant variances in segregating populations. Genotype x environment interactions for protein and lysine were significant.

Key Words: Triticum aestivum L. • Amino Acid • Genotype x environment interaction

² Formerly graduate research assistant, (now wheat breeder, Northrup, King and Co., York, Neb.); research agronomist, ARS, USDA; and professor, Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, respectively.

Received for publication January 21, 1977.