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Published in Crop Sci 18:380-386 (1978)
© 1978 Crop Science Society of America
677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA
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Relationship Between Alpha Acids, Beta Acids, and Lupulin Content of Hops1

S. T. Likens, G. B. Nickerson, A. Haunold and C. E. Zimmermann2

The sum of ({alpha}+ß) acids in lupulin glands of 112 female and 24 male genotypes of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) averaged 73 ± 6% by weight. Alpha- and beta-acid content in glands from male or female hops was inversely correlated (r = –0.78 for females; –0.85 for males). A significant change in the a-acid content of lupulin was associated with a similar change of ß-acid content in the opposite direction.

The {alpha}-acid content of hop cones was related to the quantity and quality of lupulin in the cones. The lupulin quantity was proportional to the sum of ({alpha}+ß). Lupulin quality was related to the ratio of {alpha}- and ß-acids ({alpha}/ß).

Six test crosses were made with parents having high or low {alpha}/ß values, respectively. The average {alpha}/ß value for progenies from each cross was nearly identical to the parental midpoint. Data presented in this paper led to formulation of a new working hypothesis for the relationship between hop acids and lupulin content. Lupulin analysis is simple, and a modest laboratory can screen several hundred genotypes each season.

Key Words: Inheritance • Lupulin quality • Hop resins • Humulus lupulus L.

1 Cooperative investigation of the ARS, USDA, and the Oregon Agric. Exp. Stn., Corvallis, OR 97331. Technical paper no. 4127 of the latter.

2 Chemist, ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331; and plant physiologist, ARS, USDA, Prosser, WA 99350, respectively.

Received for publication July 14, 1977.


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C. B. Castro, L. D. Whittock, S. P. Whittock, G. Leggett, and A. Koutoulis
DNA Sequence and Expression Variation of Hop (Humulus lupulus) Valerophenone Synthase (VPS), a Key Gene in Bitter Acid Biosynthesis
Ann. Bot., June 2, 2008; (2008) mcn089v1.
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