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Inheritance of Gossypol Level in Gossypium. III. Genetic Potentials of Two Strains of Gossypium hirsutum L. Differing Widely in Seed Gossypol Level¹

Genetic potentials for the production of terpenoid aldehydes (gossypol in the present material) were compared in two stocks of Gossypium hirsutum L. differing widely in their capacities to produce these substances. In the line, 3-T, the dimeric genotype, Gl₂Gl₂Gl₃Gl₃, averaged 2.78% gossypol in dried seed meal, whereas the same genotype in ‘Acala 4-42’ averaged 0.90%. Most of the genetic variance generated by the substitution of mutant for normal alleles at the two loci was additive for both cottons.

In 3-T, the monomerics, Gl₂Gl₂gl₃gl₃ and gl₂gl₂Gl₃Gl₃, produced an average of 3.03 and 1.18% gossypol, respectively, whereas the same genotypes in Acala 4-42 averaged 0.69 and 0.24%. Thus the ratio of gossypol production for the monomerics was nearly the same for both cottons.

In 3-T, the Gl₂ monomeric proved to be duplex sufficient; that is, monomeric plants produced as much seed gossypol as dimerics. The Gl₂ allele in Acala 4-42 was not duplex-sufficient, but became so after transfer to the 3-T background.

Analysis of individual seed lots from 84 dimeric F₂ plants from a cross of the two cottons produced a symmetrical curve of gossypol value spanning the distribution between the parents. This result was interpreted to mean that potentials for the alleles, Gl₂ and Gl₃, are similar in high and low gossypol cottons, and that observed differences in recovery of seed terpenoids results from variation in numbers, or effectiveness, or modifier alleles.

Key Words: Gossypium barbadense L. • Terpenoid aldehyde • Pigment glands • Genetic variances

² Geneticist, ARS, USDA, and professor of crop science.

Received for publication April 18, 1977.