Crop Science Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education
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Published in Crop Sci 17:369-372 (1977)
© 1977 Crop Science Society of America
677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA
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Sunflower Moth Damage and Inheritance of the Phytomelanin Layer in Sunflower Achenes1

A. L. Johnson and B. H. Beard2

Inheritance of the phytomelanin layer in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) achenes was studied in association with resistance to the sunflower moth (Homoeosoma electellum Hulst.). The F2 and F3 populations of four crosses between resistant lines with the layer and a susceptible line without were evaluated for presence of the layer and moth-damaged seeds.

Segregation ratios for the layer indicated a single locus with a dominant allele determining its presence and recessive alleles determining its absence. There was no indication of differences due to modifying egnes. We suggest Pml pml as symbols for these alleles.

Seed damage was determined from natural and artificial (hand) infestations. Each method has advantages and disadvantages, but with either method there was less larval damage in seeds with the layer than in seeds with. out.

In laboratory tests older larvae were able to penetrate nearly mature seeds, even those with the phytomelanin layer; but the damage was greater on seeds without the layer. Younger larvae could penetrate immature seeds (1 to 3 days after pollination) but penetration appeared to become more difficult as the seeds developed. Seeds with the phytomelanin layer were not penetrated by young larvae 13 to 15 days after pollination.

Key Words: Helianthus annuus L. • Homeosoma electellum Hulst. • Insect damage • Plant-insect resistance

1 Contribution from the Dep. of Agronomy and Range Science, Univ. of California, Davis, CA 95616, in cooperation with the Western Region, ARS, USDA. Cal/West Seeds, Woodland, Calif. helped support this research which was part of a dissertation submitted by the senior author in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree, Univ. of California, Davis.

2 Former graduate research assistant (now research director, Kamprath Seed Co., Bakersfield, CA 93303); and research geneticist, ARS, USDA. Univ. of California, Davis, CA 95616.

Received for publication March 18, 1976.




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Environmental Quality		 The Plant Genome
Copyright © 1977 by the Crop Science Society of America.