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Degrees of Differentiation Obtained in Tissue Cultures of Glycine Species¹

Tissues of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., and several wild Glycine species were cultured with the goal of regenerating whole plants from callus. Hypocotyls and ovaries were cultured on semi-solid and liquid media with varying concentrations and combinations of hormones. Maximum callus fresh weight accumulations after 28 days occurred on a medium with 0.4 to 0.8 mg/liter, 2,4-D and 0.25 to 0.5 mg/liter kinetin (6-furfurylaminopurine). All concentrations of kinetin tested repressed root development below that of basal medium. Development of compact growth centers in liquid cultures occurred over a range of auxin-cytokinin combinations. Cultures in liquid medium with 2,4-D at 1.0 mg/liter and indoleacetic acid and kinetin each at 0.5 mg/liter developed many growth centers, most of which developed single roots and then recallused. Cultures in liquid medium with 2,4-D and kinetin at 0.5 and 0.01 rag/liter, respectively, developed growth centers that initiated fewer roots, but frequently elongated and developed into structures similar in appearance of embryos. Such growth centers could be reproduced at will but could not be cultured to complete plants. Three of 56 soybean cultivars tested appeared to have a greater capacity to develop non-root structures from callus tissue. Cultures of one cultivar developed many advanced embryo-like structures in liquid cultures, although none developed into a plantlet.

Key Words: Tissue culture • Soybean • Plant hormones • Differentiation

² Assistant professor, Crop Science Dep., Univ. of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada NIG 2W1 and professor, Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706.

Received for publication March 2, 1976.

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