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Cytological and Fertility Characteristics of Some Hybrid Bermudagrass Cultivars¹

Chromosomal behavior, embryo sac development, and seed set were studied in ‘Coastal’, ‘Coastcross-l’, ‘Midland’, and ‘Suwannee’ bermudagrass, Cynodon dactyion L. Pets. (2n = 36). This information will be useful to plant breeders using these hybrids as parents for further improvement and it will give an indication of the potential contamination problem that may be expected from seed produced on the cultivars. Univalents or quadrivalents at metaphase I were observed in each cultivar. Triva. lents were observed only in Midland and Coastcross-1. The mean number of bivalents per microsporocyte were 14.0, 16.6, 16.2, and 17.5 for Coastcross-1, Coastal, Midland, and Suwannee, respectively. High male and female sterility was observed only in Coastcross-1. Pollen stainability ranged from 2% for Coastcross.l to 88% for Suwannee. The range in size of Suwannee pollen was one-half that of either of the other three bermudagrasses. Selfed seed set ranged from none on Coastcross-1 to 11% on Coastal. Cross-pollinated seed set was as high as 27% on Coastal.

Key Words: Cynodon dactylon • Bermudagrass hybrids • Embryo sacs • Chromosome behavior • Seed set

² Research geneticists, ARS, USDA, and the Univ. of Georgia, College of Agriculture Exp. Stns., Coastal Plain Stn., Tifton, GA 31794.

Received for publication June 22, 1976.