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Effects of a Nonnodulating Gene (rj₁) on Seed Protein and Oil Percentages in Soybeans with Different Genetic Backgrounds¹

Seventeen nodulating (nod) plant introduction (PI) soybean lines [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] were crossed ‘Clark’ and ‘Harosoy’ cultivars to give nod x nod crosses and to corresponding nonnodulating (nonnod) near isogenlc derivatives of Clark and Harosoy to give nonnod x nod crosses. The protein proportions in seeds from nonnod (rj₁rj₁) F₂ plants were 2 to 5% lower and the oil proportions 1 to 3% higher than those in seeds from nod (Rj₁—) sibs. The proportions of protein and oil Rj₁Rj₁ F₂ plants from nod x nod crosses were similar to those of Rj₁— plants from corresponding nonnod x nod crosses. Correlation coefficients between percent prorein and oil, protein and residual (0.95 x total seed wt less protein and oil), and oil and residual averaged –0.65, –0.43, and –0.41, respectively, over all F₂ genotypes. Apparently the absence of nodules did not affect the relationships between seed components. Frequency distributions for seed protein percentages in nod and nonnod F₂ plants overlapped with some rj₁rj₁ individuals being higher in protein than some of their Rj₁— sibs. Phenotypic variances for percent protein among rj₁rj₁ F₂ plants averaged 1.6 times as much as those among Rj₁— sibs. However estimated genetic variances averaged only 1.2 times as much. Broad sense heritability estimates were higher or lower for difference in protein percent in Rj₁— than in rj₁rj₁ F₂ classes depending upon how estimates of environmental variance were made. However heritability estimates based on regression of F₃ progeny means on F₂ plant phenotypes were 0.09 and 0.31 for the Rj₁— and rj₁rj₁ classes, respectively. It is suggested that in some crosses nitrogen fixation (in nod plants) may act as a "buffer" obscuring the segregation of genes for utilization of combined nitrogen.

Key Words: Glycine max (L.) Merr. Heritability • Rhizobium japonicum

² Formerly graduate assistant (now senior plant breeder, Taiwan Sugar Research Institute, Taiwan, China), and professor of plant genetics, Univ. of Illinois, respectively.

Received for publication March 20, 1975.