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Maternal Effects in Maize Hybrids Infected with Bipolaris maydis (Nisikado) Shoemaker, Race¹

The entry sums of squares for the diallel analysis of 72 maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids produced reciprocally in normal (Nrf) and T- cytoplasm (TRf) inbred lines partitioned into the general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability, maternal, and reciprocal sources of variation. The 144 hybrids were evaluated for 2 years under artificial infection with Bipolaris maydis (Nisikado) Shoemaker (Helminthosporium maydis, Nisikado) race T, inoculum. Data were collected for stand, root and stalk lodging, dropped ears, days to silk, B. maydis race T ratings, yield, and grain moisture. The differences among entries for root lodging and dropped ears were not significant (P > 0.05) and were not included further analyses. Separate diallel analyses were made for the Nrf and TRf hybrids.

Significant maternal mean squares were detected for all traits except stand. There were three instances of significant reciprocal mean squares. Although the maternal mean squares were significant for all traits except stand, the proportion of the entry sum of squares attributable to maternal effects was less than for GCA and SCA. The maternal x year interaction mean square was not significant in any instance. There were 16 instances of significant maternal effects for hybrids produced on Nrf females and 21 for hybrids produced on TRf females. The hybrid Oh43 had the greatest frequency, nine, of significant maternal effects, and B45 the least, one. Most of the significant maternal effects, however, were not large.

Key Words: Zea mays L. • Diallel • Cytoplasms • Diseases • Southern corn leaf blight • Reciprocal Combining ability

² Research geneticist, ARS-USDA, and professor of agronomy, Iowa State Univ. and associate professor of plant pathology, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50010, respectively.

Received for publication January 28, 1975.