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Effect of Flat-square in Cotton on Selected Agronomic Characters¹

Data were collected from flat and nonflat-square cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants in replicated experiments to evaluate their relative performances for yield components and fiber characteristics. Results indicate that the flat-square trait has an adverse effect on seed cotton yield, boll weight, lint percentage, lint index, fiber fineness, and strength. Flat-square plants produced more flowers than nonflat-square plants at Tucson, Marana, and Phoenix, Ariz.; but flat-square plants had a higher rate of shedding of deformed and incomplete flowers as well as reduced boll weight, lint percentage, and lint index. Thus, nonflat-square plants produced more seed cotton at harvest time, but they had similar crop maturity. Pedigree selection is suggested as one breeding procedure to effectively eliminate or minimize this abnormality.

Key Words: Gossypium hirsutum L. • Flowering curves • Fiber quality • Yield • Yield components • Selection

² Presently senior cotton breeder, Shambat Res. Sin., P. O. Box 30, Khartoum North, Sudan and professors in the Dep. of Agron. and Plant Genet., U. of Ariz., Tucson, AZ 85721, respectively.

Received for publication September 20, 1974.