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Plant Regeneration from Tissue Cultures of Maize¹

Effective utilization of cell and tissue culture methods in Zea mays research requires cultures capable of plant regeneration. These differentiated plants would provide a direct link with conventional genetic and breeding procedures.

Maize callus from embryo scutellar tissues was initiated and maintained on MS medium inorganic components, Straus medium vitamins and amino acids, 20 g sucrose and 8 g agar per liter, and 2 mg 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)/liter. Callus has been maintained subculture every 21 to 28 days and has remained capable of differentiation for 9 months. Regeneration of complete plants was accomplished by subculture of callus to 0.25 mg 2,4-D/liter for 30 days followed by transfer to 2,4-D-free culture medium. At 0.25 mg 2,4-D/liter numerous curled and wrinkled leaves developed. Approximately 200 complete plants have been differentiated. after transfer to the 2,4-D-free medium. Root tip cells from five plants indicated that each had 20 chromosomes. After transplantation to soil, 10 to 15% of the plants survived and grew normally. The optimum embryo age for scutellar callus initiation was 18 days post-pollination. Hormone combinations such as 1 mg 2,4-D, 4 mg a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 0.05 mg 6-(,-dimethyl allylamino)-purine (2iP)/liter may increase the efficiency of scutellar callus initiation.

Key Words: Zea mays L. • Embryo culture • Scutellum • Hormones • Differentiation

² Assistant and associate professors, respectively.

Received for publication January 6, 1975.

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