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Effect of Field Production Techniques on Hybrid Wheat Seed Quality¹

Seed quality characteristics of hybrid and male-sterile wheat seed [Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell with T. timopheevi (Zhuk.) Zhuk. cytoplasm] were investigated in field-scale production experiments that tested 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 ratios of female to male parent. Drill-strip widths ranged from 3.1 to 11.0 m. Test weight, seed protein percentage, kernel weight, and seed set percentage were evaluated. Seed harvested from the male-sterile line was lower in test weight, higher in protein percentage and kernel weight, and had a faster rate of germination than seed of the normal line. The 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 ratios had mean seed set percentages of 64, 51, and 45, respectively. Test weights of male-sterile seed decreased from the 1:1 to the 3:1 ratio, and seed protein percentage increased.

Seed set and quality of sequential seed samples harvested within each of the three female drill-strip widths also were determined. Seed set and test weight decreased, protein percentage increased, and kernel weight decreased toward the center of the male-sterile drill strips within the 2:1 and 3:1 ratios. This decrease in seed quality adversely affected the emergence and subsequent yield of hybrid wheat.

These differences may be a factor determining field arrangements for commercial seed production. If conditions conducive to good production are not present, seed quality as well as seed set percentage may fall below acceptable levels.

Key Words: Hybrid seed production • Seed set • Cytoplasmic male sterility • Triticum aestivum L.

² Instructor, former instructor, and professor of agronomy, N. Dak. State U., Fargo, ND 58102.

Received for publication October 15, 1974.

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