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Manganese Toxicity Effects on Leaf Cell Multiplication and Expansion and on Dry Matter Yield of Sugar Beets¹

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris ‘F58-554HI’) plants were cultured hydroponically (pH 6.0) for 3 weeks in a greenhouse with 10 concentrations of Mn in culture solutions; 0.44, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 550, and 1,000 mg Mn/liter. Dry weights of roots and leaves, numbers of cells, and mean call volume/leaf were unchanged with increases in Mn from 0.44 to 16 mg/liter in the culture solution or with tissue Mn up to about 5,000 mg/kg dry matter. With further increase to 30 or 40 mg Mn/liter in the culture solution dry matter yields were diminished by 50%, with tissue Mn concentrations of about 20,000 mg/kg. Manganese toxicity reduced the numbers of cells/leaf and the average leaf cell volume and produced smaller leaf and root dry weights.

Key Words: Beta vulgaris L. • Solution culture

² Assistant professor; undergraduate student (now with, Pomology Dept., U. of Calif., Davis, CA 95616); and undergraduate student (now with, Mo. State Fruit Exp. Stn., Rt. 3, Box 65, Mountain Grove, Mo 65711), respectively, Soils and Plant Nutr. Dept., U. of Calif., Berkeley, CA 94720.

Received for publication August 15, 1974.