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Inheritance of Hard Seed in Cotton¹

The purpose of this study was to determine the inheritance of hard or impervious seed coat in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L). A hard seed was defined as any that could resist water uptake for 24 hours at 27 C. The breeding line SP-hard seed was crossed with the nonhard-seeded variety ‘Carolina Queen’ and various backcross and filial .generations were raised. Graphing the relative frequencies of hard and nonhard seed taken from individual plants in the various generations revealed evidence for two genes. Their concerted action determines the level of seed hardness noted in SP-hard seed (i.e. from 50 to > 90%, depending on the environmental conditions under which the seed matured). Under the humid conditions of greenhouse growth, expression of hard seed appeared to be largely recessive than nonhard, but there was evidence that this condition is subject to reversal in an arid environment.

Key Words: Gossypium hirsutum L. • Impervious seed coat • Germination inhibitor • Chemical scarification

² Research geneticist, ARS, USDA and professor of crop sci., N. C. State.

Received for publication August 3, 1974.