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Performance of Original and Advanced Maize Populations and Their Diallel Crosses¹

Six maize (Zea mays L.) breeding populations, 7 advanced populations developed from them by recurrent selection, diallel crosses among all 13 populations, and 9 check hybrids were evaluated in 17 environments during 1970 and 1971. The objective was to evaluate, under a wide range of environmental conditions, observed progress from three methods of recurrent selection and to estimate changes in genetic parameters obtained from a diallel of the original populations versus estimates from a diallel of the advanced populations. VCBS(S)C4 and VCBS(HT)C3 were about 20% higher yielding than VCBS; this improvement was expressed in their population crosses. Selection also increased the environmental response (b₁) of these populations and their crosses. Very little improvement was detected for the other populations or their crosses. Source materials and environmental conditions under which recurrent selection trials are conducted may be as important as the selection method used.

Population and average heterosis effects explained mostof the variation among entries. Hence, relative performance of the population crosses could be predicted reasonably well by population performance per se. Yields of the best population crosses did not differ significantly from yields of the hybrid checks. Extraction of inbred lines from VCBS(S)C4 or VCBS(HT)C3 to be used with lines extracted from BSSS(HT)C7 or PHWI(M)C9 should resuit in superior hybrids with a wide range of adaptation.

Key Words: Corn • Hybrids • General combining ability • Selection methods • Population improvement

² Profesor of Agronomy, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia; Research Geneticist, ARS, USDA, and Professor of Plant Breeding, Iowa State Univ., Ames, Iowa, respectively.

Received for publication June 3, 1974.

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