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Response of Intersubspecific Peanut Hybrids to Photoperiod¹

Three peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) lines tracing to three geographic areas of South America and representing Valencia, Virginia, and Spanish types and their three F₁ hybrids with reciprocals were evaluated for response to short- and long-day treatments in the North Carolina State Phytotron Unit of the Southeastern Environment Laboratories.

Lines and hybrids, when grown under a 9-hour shortday photoperiod, were smaller but produced more fruit than when they were grown under a long-day treatment produced by 9 hours of light plus a 3-hour interruption of the dark period. The Valencia and Spanish lines flowered earlier and produced more flowers and fruit than the Virginia line.

Most hybrids showed greater heterotic response for fruit yield under short than under long days. All hybrids exceeded the midparent value for the yield of fruit for the short-day treatment, while only two of the six crosses exceeded the midparent value for fruit yield under long days.

Reciprocal crosses involving the Spanish line showed significant differences for five of seven characters. Means were superior when the Spanish Hne was used as the female.

Key Words: Fruiting • Flowering • Reciprocal Crosses • Subspecies • Arachis hypogaea L.

² Assistant Professor of Crop Science and Professor of Crop Science, respectively, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607.

Received for publication May 2, 1974.