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Estimations of Protein and Oil Concentration in Corn, Soybean, and Oat Seed by Near-Infrared Light Reflectance¹

Simultaneous estimations of protein and oil concentrations in corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill), and oat (Arena sativa L.) seed meals, made by a near-infrared light reflectance instrument coupled to an analog computer (grain analyzer), were compared to protein and oil determinations by Kjeldahl and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), respectively. Multiple correlations between Kjeldahl protein and grain analyzer values obtained when calibrating the grain analyzer were .994, .996, and .982 for corn, soybeans, and oats, respectively. Similar correlations between NMR oil determinations and the grain analyzer for corn, soybeans, and oats were .993, .992, and .990, respectively. Correlations between the grain analyzer and Kjeldahl protein and between grain analyzer and NMR oil determinations using independent samples were all greater than .91.

At no time were the meal samples analyzed by the grain analyzer weighed. Since moisture content may influence reflectance values, the moisture content of the samples was maintained within a narrow range.

The grain analyzer is extremely simple to operate, requires a minimum of laboratory space, and is nonpolluting. Approximately 50 samples per hour can be run on the grain analyzer, excluding grinding time.

Key Words: Zea mays L. • Glycine max (L.) Merrill • Avena sativa L. • Kjeldahl • NMR

² Associate Professor of Plant Genetics, Professor of Plant Genetics, Chemist, and Professor of Plant Breeding, respectively, Department of Agronomy, University of Illinois.

Received for publication February 23, 1974.

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