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Influence of Plant Growth Habit on Peanut Production in Narrow Rows¹

Two peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) lines, one with bunch growth habit and one runner, were derived from each of two crosses (genetic backgrounds). The four lines were tested at two row spacings [91 cm (conventional) and 46 cm] for 3 years to study relationships between growth habit and seed production with a minimum of confounding by genetic background. While yields of both bunch and runner lines were increased by close rows (16 and 5%, respectively), the increase for the runner lines was not statistically significant. Yield increases from close rows were highest in the more favorable seasons and by the line with the smallest plants. Significant interactions indicated that seasonal variations impose greater problems in isolating superior-yielding genotypes than the effects resulting from differences in plant growth habit or row spacings. Season and genetic background also had significant effects on seed weight, shelling percent, and percent shriveled seed, whereas row spacing and growth habit had comparatively little effect on these factors. A highly significant genetic background x growth habit interaction was also obtained. Yield was influenced more by genetic background than by growth habit. In one background the bunch line was equal in yield to the runner line, while in the other background the runner line was significantly higher yielding. No significant interactions occurred between row spacing and genetic background for any of the measured characteristics, indicating that superior genotypes selected in normally spaced rows should also be superior in close rows.

Key Words: Selection • Genotypic interactions • Planting patterns • Genetic background

² Professor and Associate Professor (Retired), Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, and the Agricultural Research Center, Marianna, Florida. The authors wish to thank Dr. F. G. Martin for assistance with the statistical analysis.

Received for publication October 29, 1973.

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