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Genetics and Breeding of 42-Chromosome Triticale. I. Evidence for Substitutional Polyploidy in Secondary Triticale Populations¹

F₂ plants from two hybrid populations of 42-chromosome triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) were crossed to Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell. cv. ‘INIA 66’ and to diploid rye (Secale cereale L. cv. ‘Merced’). The numbers of univalent chromosomes in the crosses to INIA 66 or paired chromosomes in the crosses to Merced were determined to estimate the number of rye chromosomes in the F₂ triticale plants. The results indicated that 3 to 6 rye chromosome pairs were present and thus support the hypothesis that D genome chromosomes are present hi some 42-chromosome triticales. Such triticales can have various combinations of D and R chromosomes in addition to the A and B genomes of ,Triticum, and hybrids among these triticales are essentially interspecific crosses with resultant sterility in the F₁ and subsequent generations.

Key Words: x Triticosecale Wittmack • Triticum aestivum L. • Secale cereale L. • Cytogenetics

² Former Research Assistant, University of California, Davis (now Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba), and Associate Professor, University of California, Davis.

Received for publication September 7, 1973.