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Evaluation of Crosses Among High and Low Yielding Parents of Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Bulk Prediction of Line Performance

Twenty-five populations resulting from crosses among four high and four low yielding parents of hard red spring wheat (Trlticum aestivum L.) were evaluated in three environments. The F₄ bulks, F₅ bulks, parents, and 21 randomly selected F₂-derived F₅ (1970) and F₆ (1971) lines from each cross were used to evaluate the performance of crosses between high yielding parents (high x high), high and low yielding parents (high x low), and low yielding parents (low x low). The bulks were included to determine if average cross performance and high yielding individual lines could be predicted. The high x high, high x low, and low x low crosses averaged 343, 321, and 293 g/plot, respectively. The highest yielding line was from a high x low cross, but the highest frequency of lines which yielded two standard deviation units above the experimental mean was obtained from the high x high crosses. The average cross performance of the lines and average of the highest five lines were correlated with the mean of the F₄ and F₅ bulks, r = .90 and r = .88, respectively. Selection of crosses with high yielding lines and higher frequency of desirable lines was possible in this group of crosses by yield testing the advanced bulk generations.

Key Words: Breeding methods • Combining ability • Parental selection

² Associate Professor, former NDEA Fellow, and Associate Professor of Agronomy, respectively, Department of Agronomy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102.

Received for publication June 4, 1973.