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Simulation Model to Predict Germination and Emergence of Corn (Zea mays L.) in an Environment of Changing Temperature¹

A simulation model was developed based on a system that included the processes of imbibition and elongation of the corn (Zea mays L.) radicle and shoot and the events of germination and emergence. The response of the processes to temperature were described in previous papers. Germination was predicted at a critical level of rehydration of the seed. Subsequent to germination, the radicle and shoot were elongated until the shoot emerged from the soil. The objective of the model was to give a continuous record of the change in state of the system until emergence occurred. The system was updated each hour by simulation based on a knowledge of soil temperature. The model gave good predictions under fluctuating temperatures in controlled environments and in the field. The verified model supported the hypotheses that the germinating seed and its elongating axes respond to prevailing temperatures with no adaptation to preceding conditions, and that the system responds within minutes to changes in temperature. The model was not developed to predict responses to temperature stress (<1OC or >32C) or to temperature if other soil factors were limiting.

Key Words: Adaptation • Imbibition • Radicle • Shoot • Soil water • Mulch

² Agronomy Department, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, W.A. 6009, Australia.

Received for publication December 11, 1972.