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Heterosis and Combining Ability Estimates in Indian Mustard, Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. and Coss.¹

Heterosis and combining ability estimates were obtained for eight agronomic characters in Indian mustard, Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. and Coss. Highest heterotic values were found for yield. Six hybrids exceeded the performance of their best parents by an average of 49% over 2 years. Moderately high values were also found in certain crosses for number of primary and secondary branches and raceme length, but estimates, in general, were low for days to flower, plant height, silique length, and seeds per silique.

General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) variances were important for all characters. The former was larger than the latter in all cases except for seeds per silique. Maternal and nonmaternal reciprocal variances were significant for days to flower and yield; only the former was significant for primary branches and silique length, and only the latter was significant for seeds per silique. Interactions for GCA x years were significant for all characters; for SCA x years for days to flower, number of primary and secondary branches, and plant height; and for nonmaternal x years for days to flower and primary branches.

Key Words: Raceme • Silique • Diallel cross • Maternal effect • Heritability

² Lecturer in Botany (Presently at Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin Madison, Wis. 53706.

Received for publication July 19, 1972.