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Breeding Behavior for Crosses of Crambe abyssinica and a Plant Introduction Designated C. hispanica¹

Plant selections from PI 247310 (C. abyssinica) and PI 279346 (C. hispanica) were paired randomly and crossed reciprocally. The average seed set from these crosses was about 77% with no reciprocal differences detected. Chromosome counts were made on pollen mother cells from each species and the F₁ progeny. The average count was 41 bivalents at diakinesis for each species and the F₁ plants; the number could not be counted accurately in every cell, however, because of difficulties in obtaining good smears, the tendency of bivalents to cluster, and small chromosome size. The actual chromosome number is probably 90 (45 bivalents) as previously reported for C. abyssinica. No cells were observed with 60 chromosomes (30 bivalents), which is the number reported for C. hispanica. Data and observations suggest that PI 247310 and PI 279346 should be classified into one species.

A normal diploid simple Mendelian ratio was observed for pubescence. The gene controlling pubescence, designated p, segregated 3 glabrous seedlings:1 pubescent seedling, indicating single-gene control of this character. A total of 6,229 seedlings were observed. Seedlings that were thought to be heterozygous had several hairs at the edges and tips of the older leaves. Nevertheless, these seedlings, indicating partial dominance, were classified as glabrous.

Estimates of natural outcrossing were obtained. Crambe appears to be mainly self-pollinated with an average of 4 to 7% outcrossing among adjacent rows 96 cm apart. Estimates from individual plants ranged as high as 28%. Results indicate that crambe belongs to the often cross-pollinated group of plants. The estimates are conservative, since crosses to the dominant parent are not detected in the first generation.

Key Words: Natural outcrossing • Chromosome number • Mode of pollination

² Formerly Graduate Research Assistant (President address: O. M. Scott & Sons, Marysville, Ohio 43040) and Professor, Agronomy Department, Purdue University.

Received for publication June 1, 1972.