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Varietal Differences in Leaf Flavonoids of Soybeans¹

Soybean [Glyclne max (L.) Merr.] cultivars were analyzed for differences in leaf flavonoids. Nine 3-0-glycosides of kaempferol and 10 of quercetin were characterized by thin-layer chromatography, UV spectrophotometry, and hydrolysis. Various combinations of these flavonol glycosides were observed in different cultivars giving 19 flavonoid groups. Sixteen of these groups were resolved into eight pairs with one group of each pair containing only kaempferol glycosides, and the other containing the same kaempferol glycosides plus an analogous set of quercetin glycosides. The remaining three groups contained both kaempferol and quercetin glycosides.

Gene T, which is involved in the coloration of brown pubescence, is also responsible for the formation of quercetin glycosides in the leaves. These quercetin glycosides are formed in addition to the kaempferol glycosides present in TT and Tt genotypes and in the gray pubescent tt genotypes. The T allele therefore is presumed to be responsible for a phenolase catalysing the hydroxylation of kaempferol or its precursor.

A survey of cultivars and strains showed that some flavonoid groups occurred much more frequently than others. The distribution of groups was similar for North American cultivars, the genetic type collection, Japanese cultivars, and accessions of G. soja Sieb + Zucc., but differed for material from India.

The flavonoid groups in fresh or dried leaf material are easily determined by TLC and could be useful additional characters for identification of soybean cultivars.

Key Words: Phenolics • Chemotaxonomy • Biochemical genetics • Cultivar identification • Glycine max (L.) Merr. • G. soja Sieb + Zucc.

² Research Scientists in Plant Physiology and Plant Breeding, respectively.

Received for publication July 24, 1972.

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