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Estimated Gains from Selection for Protein and Yield in the F₄ Generation of Six Soybean Populations¹

Seventy-eight F₂-derived F₄ lines from each of six soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] populations were evaluated to determine which population had the best potential for improving yield, protein, and yield and protein in combination. The six populations, one high protein x high protein, four high protein x high yield, and one high yield x high yield, were derived from diallel crosses among two adapted high-protein (P₁ and P₂) and two adapted high-yield parents (Y₁ and Y₂).

P₁P₂ contained more lines high in percent protein and in protein per hectare, contained more lines that combined high protein with high yield, showed the greatest expected advances for yield and protein per hectare, was exceeded only by P₁Y₂ for predicted progress in percent protein, and was the only population in which expected advance exceeded parental means for percent protein and protein per hectare. Its highest-yielding lines, however, were below the highest lines in other populations, particularly P₁Y₁ and P₂Y₂.

Genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients were computed among yield, percent protein, and percent oil. Highly significant negative correlations were observed for protein and oil in all six populations. Correlations between yield and percent oil were positive, but significant in only two populations. Significant coefficients between yield and percent protein were negative in P₁P₂ and P₂Y₂ and positive in Y₁Y₂.

Key Words: [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] • Oil content • Breeding • Response to selection • Phenotypic correlations • Genotypic correlations

² Formerly Graduate Research Assistant, Purdue University (now Assistant Professor of Agronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Md. 20742) and Research Geneticist and Research Agronomist, PSRD, ARS, USDA, and Professor and Professor Emeritus of Agronomy, Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind. 47907.

Received for publication May 15, 1972.

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