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Cytoplasm Effects in Relation to Agronomic Performance of Grain Sorghums, Sorghums bicolor (L.) Moench¹

Grain sorghums (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) differing in cytoplasmic and genetic factors affecting pollen.sterility were compared during 2 years in Iowa. Six hydrids with normal cytoplasm did not differ significantly from their counterparts in male-sterility-induclng cytoplasm for grain yield or the primary components of yield. In 1968 the normal-cytoplasm hybrids bloomed later (1 day), were shorter (3 cm), and produced greater area of the third leaf from the top (9 cm²) than did the hybrids with sterility-inducing cytoplasm. In 1967 the two types did not differ significantly for these characters, and the differences do not seem of practical importance in either year.

Crude protein content of the seed and pollen-sterilty were significantly greater in both years for the sterile-cytoplasm hybrids. Type of cytoplasm had little effect on the content of protein amino acids in the seed. Fertility-restoration alleles seemed only to affect pollenfertility, and showed little influence on other characters.

Key Words: Grain yield • Yield components • Protein content • Fertility

² Professor of Agronomy, Iowa State University, and Plant Breeder, American Crystal Sugar Company, Rocky Ford, Colo. (formerly Research Associate. Iowa State University).

Received for publication April 25, 1972.