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Protein, Oil, and Fatty Acid in Developing Soybean Seeds¹

We followed the deposition of protein, oil and fatty acids in developing seeds of ‘Acme,’ ‘Chippewa,’ and ‘Harosoy 63’ soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] to gain a better insight to the accumulation of these components. Nonprotein N and protein N were estimated by micro-Kjeldahl procedure. Oil was determined by NMR, while fatty acids were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography.

At approximately 25 days after flowering the composition of the seeds was about 30% protein and 5% oil; however, this represents only 2% of the total protein and 1% of the oil in the mature seed.

From 24 to 40 days after flowering, oil percentage increased rapidly to 20%, which represents 30% of the total oil in the mature seed. The percentage of palmitic, stearic, and linolenic acid in the oil decreased, while the percentage of oleic and linoleic acid increased during this period. Although the percent values of the fatty acids changed markedly, actual amounts of all fatty acids increased. Percent nonprotein N decreased slightly, while percent protein N showed a concommittant rise from 24 to 40 days after flowering.

During the remainder of the deevlopment (about 25 days) of the soybean seed, percent values of the components remained essentially constant. During this time, however, 70% of the total protein, oil, palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid were synthesized, and 65% of the total stearic acid and 50% of the total linolenic acid also were synthesized.

Key Words: Glycine max (L.) Merrill • Protein synthesis • Oil synthesis • Seed composition

² Formerly graduate student, Department of Agronomy, University of Illinois; present address, Department of Chemistry, Elizabethtown Community College, Elizabethtown, Ky.; Plant Physiologist, PSRD, ARS, USDA, Urbana, Ill. 61801; and Professor of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.

Received for publication January 24, 1972.

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